在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.
2、由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
注意：① 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The writer and artist has come.; / ② 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it.
3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
4、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.
注意：① 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. ② 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America.
5、在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
注意：people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child.
7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.
注意： a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“…的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。
8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.
（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。
1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.
2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式， 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如： “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.
4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.
5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
6、一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn’t easy to study.
7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
8、“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。
（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1、当两个主语由either … or, neither … nor, whether … or …, not only … but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?
2、there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room..
注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。
语法复习二、主谓一致检测练习
1.I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
key: A who指的是I; I am 所以who am
2. The rich ____ not always happy.
A.are B.is C.has D.have
key: A the+adj 指一类人,当然用复数了; be happy,所以不用have
3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students.
A.are B.am C.is D.was
key: A 就近原则;主语是Jack and I
4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China.
A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study
key: C 句子主语Mary; as well as her sisters不是主语
5. Neither my father nor I ____ at home.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
key: A 就近原则
6. Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting. Both of us
____ good painters.,
A.are;are B.am;am C.am;are D.is;is
key: C 第一空就近原则
7. Every' boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party.
A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like
key: B
8. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants.
A.was B.is C. would be D.are
key: D population这个词指人,谓语用复数;指数字,谓语用单数
9. The population of China ____ larger than that of .any other country in the world.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
key: A
10. Every means ____ tried but without any result.
A. have been B.is to be C.are to be D. has been
key: D means不是复数,是一个单词,意思是方法手段
11. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule.
A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished
key: A
12. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the meeting
this afternoon.
A.is B.was C.are D.is being
key: C the League secretary和 the monitor 两个人;比较: the doctor and writer is coming...
13. The great writer and professor____.
A. is an old man B. are both old men
C. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese
key: A
14. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.
A.are B.is C.has D.have
key: B 就近原则
15. A large number of students in our class____ girls.
A. are B. was C. is D. be
key: A a large number of... 很多,相当于many的用法;比较: the number of...指的是数字,所以谓语动词用单数的形式
16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people
leave things as they are.
A. doesn' t change B.don't change C.change D.changed
key: A
17. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
key: A the Arabian Nights-天方夜谭,这是一本书,谓语动词当然用单数了.
18. Chairman Mao' s works ____ published.
A. has been B.have been C.was D.is
key: B works 著作,作品 毛主席选集已经出版了,当然是复数了.
19. A chemical works____ built there.
A. is to being B.have been C. were to D.has been
key: D works 工厂
20. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years.
A.is;four B.are;four C.is;five D.are;five
key: B
21 .The United States of America ____one of the most developed
countries in the world.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
key: A 主语是一个国家
22.He is the only one of the students who ____ elected.
A. are B.have C.has D.is
key: D 比较: He is one of the students who are elected.
23.Theis is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.
A.have B.has C. have been D.has been
key: C
24.Many a man ____ come to help us.
A.have B.has C.is D.are
key: B 这个把它背下来
25."All____ present and all____ going on well," our monitor said.
A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are
key: A 第一个all 指所有人;第二个all是情况
26. The police ____ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared
in a theatre.
A. is searching for B. were searching for
C. are searching for D. were searching
key: B 是警方的人,不是一个单位;search 为搜(身);search for=look for
27.Your trousers____ dirty.You must have____ washed.
A.is;il B.are;it C.are;them D.is;them
key: C 有人戏说裤子两条腿,所以是复数.有道理
28.This pair of trousers ____ too long for him.
A.is B.be C.are D.were
key: A 注意主语不是裤子,是pair, this pair
29. One and a half bananas ____ left on the table.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
key: A a +名词+and a half , one and a half + 名词, 作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数.
注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如: One or two bananas have been left on the table.
30. Eight times eight ____ sixty - four.
A.is B.are C.get D.equal
key: A
31 .Ten minutes____ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.
A.seems B.seem C.seemed D.seemes
key: A 把ten minutes看成一个整体.
32.____of the money____ nm out.
A. Three-fifth; has B. Three-fifth; has been
C. Three-fifths; has D. Three-fifths; have
key: C 第一空分数表达法,当分子大于1的时候,分母用复数;主语
是money,不可数.
33. The whole class ____ the teacher attentively.
A. are listening to B. is listening to C.are listening D. is listening
key: A the whole class 指全体学生
34.1 have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which___ more difficult.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
key: A the rest 后面用单数还是复数,取决于它所指代的事物.如果指代不可数名词,当然用当数;如果指代可数名词,要看它所指代的是几个,如果是一个也要用单数.
35. Between the two rows of trees ____ the teaching building.
A.stand B.stands C. standing D.are
key: B 注意这是倒装句,主语是the teaching building
36. Large quantities of water ____ for irrigation.
A. is needed B. has -needed C. are needed D. need
key: A 主语是A large quantities of 用法相当于much;比较: several bottles of water are needed. 这时句子的主语就是bottle,所以谓语动词用复数
37. That they were wrong in these matters ____ now clear to us all.
A. is B.was C.are D.all
key: A 主语从句.相当于 It is now clear to us all that they were wrong in these matters.
38.What we need____ good textbooks.
A.is B.are C.have D.has
key: B 我们需要的东西是好的教科书,也就是说what we need 所指是教科书们
39. What you said just now____ the matter we are discussing.
A.have something to at B. has something to do with
C.had something to do with D.has been something to do with
key: B
40. More than one member ____ against the plan.
A. is B.are C.has D.have
key: A
41. When and where to build the new factory ____ yet.
A. has not decided B. is not decided
C. are not decided D. have not decided
key: B When and where to build the new factory讲的是一个事情
42. Half of the fruit ____ bad.
A. are B. has C. is D. have
key: C
43. ____ either of your parents come to see you recently?
A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is
key: C
44. Mathematics ____ the language of science.
A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be
key: C Mathematics 数学
45. My family ____ small.
A. is B. were C. are D. makes
key: A 所指不是家里的人,而是把家作为一个单位来说.
46. The following ____ some other examples.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
key: A the following指代的是一些其它的例子们
47. They both have some friends; but his ____ more active.
A. is B. will be C. was D. are
key: D
48. Both rice and wheat ____ grown in that country.
A. is B. are C. was D. has
key: B
49. Early to bed and early to rise ____ a good habit.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
key: B
50. To play basketball and to go swimming ____ useful for character-training.
A. was B. is C. are D. were
key: C
比较一下48-50三个题
51. Either he or I ____ to attend the mass meeting this evening.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
key: B 就近原则
52. ____ either he or I to attend the mass meeting this evening.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
key: A 同51
53. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, ____ to be built here.
A. are B. were C. is D. will
key: C An iron and steel works 钢铁厂,不是钢厂和铁厂;
54. She as well as her brother ____ a League member.
A. are B. were C. will D. is
key: D
55. His family ____ a big one. Now the family ____ watching TV.
A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are
key: A
56. It is I who ____ going to attend the meeting tomorrow.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
key: B 强调句式,原句: I am going to attend the meeting tomorrow.对主语进行强调.注意强调句式只是用 it is/was....that/who(指人时可以使用who,当然也可以使用that)...这个结构改变词序,其它的什么也不能动.
57. More than 60% of the students ____ the countryside.
A. is B. are C. is from D. are from
key: D
58. Many a man ____ the novel.
A. has read B. have read C. is read D. are read
key: A
59. Tom is the only one of the students who ____ going to swim this afternoon.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
key: A
60. Here ____ a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
key: B
